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Logical Operators ​

Combine multiple conditions with AND and OR logic.

FormWhere shapeSQL
Implicit ANDmultiple keys in one objectAND between each key
Explicit AND{ and: [...] }AND between grouped clauses
OR{ or: [...] }OR between grouped clauses
NOT{ field: { not: ... } }NOT (...) around the negated condition

Implicit AND ​

Multiple conditions in the same object combine with AND.

typescript
{ where: { status: 'active', role: 'admin', verified: true } }
// SQL: WHERE "status" = 'active' AND "role" = 'admin' AND "verified" = true

Explicit AND ​

Use an and array to group conditions explicitly.

typescript
{
  where: {
    and: [
      { status: 'active' },
      { role: { in: ['admin', 'moderator'] } },
    ]
  }
}
// SQL: WHERE ("status" = 'active') AND ("role" IN ('admin', 'moderator'))

OR ​

Use an or array to match any of several conditions.

typescript
{
  where: {
    or: [
      { status: 'active' },
      { isPublished: true },
    ]
  }
}
// SQL: WHERE ("status" = 'active') OR ("is_published" = true)

NOT ​

not negates whatever it wraps: a bare value negates eq, a nested operator object negates that operator.

typescript
{ where: { status: { not: 'archived' } } }
// SQL: WHERE NOT ("status" = 'archived')

{ where: { views: { not: { gt: 100 } } } }
// SQL: WHERE NOT ("views" > 100)

NOTE

not is supported on the PostgreSQL connector. The dedicated negation operators below are often clearer for a single condition.

Dedicated Negation Operators ​

OperatorExampleSQL
ne / neq{ status: { ne: 'deleted' } }!=
nin{ status: { nin: ['deleted', 'banned'] } }NOT IN
nlike{ email: { nlike: '%@test.com' } }NOT LIKE
nilike{ email: { nilike: '%@test.com' } }NOT ILIKE
isn / ne: null{ verifiedAt: { isn: null } }IS NOT NULL
notBetween{ score: { notBetween: [40, 60] } }NOT BETWEEN

NOTE

ne/neq/nin follow SQL three-valued logic - a row whose field is NULL never matches them (NULL <> value is UNKNOWN, not TRUE). Use exists/notExists or an explicit { field: null } branch to include NULL rows.

Nested AND/OR ​

Combine AND and OR for multi-level logic.

typescript
// (status = 'active' AND verified = true) OR (role = 'admin')
{
  where: {
    or: [
      { and: [{ status: 'active' }, { verified: true }] },
      { role: 'admin' },
    ]
  }
}

A top-level key alongside or ANDs with it - these two filters are equivalent:

typescript
// status = 'active' AND (role = 'admin' OR role = 'moderator')
{ where: { status: 'active', or: [{ role: 'admin' }, { role: 'moderator' }] } }

// Same result, using in instead
{ where: { status: 'active', role: { in: ['admin', 'moderator'] } } }

Empty Groups ​

An empty and/or array is not a no-op - each resolves to what the operator means with zero conditions.

typescript
{ where: { and: [] } }
// Vacuously TRUE - dropped from the query entirely, no condition added

{ where: { or: [] } }
// SQL: WHERE false - vacuously FALSE, matches nothing

NOTE

This matters for a caller-built list, e.g. { or: permittedOrgIds.map(id => ({ orgId: id })) }: an empty permission list must return zero rows, so or: [] matching nothing is the safe default.

See also ​

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